Mixedbread
ColBERT

mxbai-colbert-large-v1

A state-of-the-art ColBERT model for reranking and retrieval tasks. This model combines efficient vector search with nuanced token-level matching, making it ideal for advanced information retrieval applications.

Model description

is a state-of-the-art ColBERT (Contextualized Late Interaction BERT) model for reranking and retrieval tasks. It is based on the model and achieves state-of-the-art performance on 13 publicly available BEIR benchmarks.

ColBERT combines the benefits of vector search and cross-encoders. Queries and documents are encoded separately, but instead of creating a single embedding for the entire document, ColBERT generates contextualized embeddings for each token in the document. During search, the token-level query embeddings are compared with the token-level embeddings of the documents using the lightweight scoring function MaxSim. This allows ColBERT to capture nuanced matching signals while being computationally efficient.

mxbai-colbert-large-v1 is initialized from the model, which was trained on over 700 million samples from various domains. The ColBERT model was then fine-tuned on around 96 million samples to adapt it to the late interaction mechanism. This extensive training enables the model to be used for a wide range of tasks and domains.

On the BEIR benchmark, mxbai-colbert-large-v1 outperforms other ColBERT models on average and directly in most tasks. Its exceptionally high reranking score even surpasses typical scores for cross-encoder based reranker models on the benchmark, despite the advantages of the ColBERT architecture regarding resource efficiency. The model also demonstrates state-of-the-art retrieval performance when compared to other currently available ColBERT models.

LayersEmbedding DimensionRecommended Sequence LengthLanguage
241024512English

Suitable Scoring Methods

  • MaxSim: The lightweight scoring function used in ColBERT to compare token-level query embeddings with token-level document embeddings.

Limitations

  • Language: mxbai-colbert-large-v1 is trained on English text and is specifically designed for the English language.
  • Sequence Length: Any text longer than 512 tokens will be truncated.

Examples

We recommend using for utilizing our ColBERT model.

pip install ragatouille
from ragatouille import RAGPretrainedModel
 
# Create a RAGatouille instance
RAG = RAGPretrainedModel.from_pretrained("mixedbread-ai/mxbai-colbert-v1")
 
documents = [
    "'To Kill a Mockingbird' is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature.",
    "The novel 'Moby-Dick' was written by Herman Melville and first published in 1851. It is considered a masterpiece of American literature and deals with complex themes of obsession, revenge, and the conflict between good and evil.",
    "Harper Lee, an American novelist widely known for her novel 'To Kill a Mockingbird', was born in 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama. She received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961.",
    "Jane Austen was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.",
    "The 'Harry Potter' series, which consists of seven fantasy novels written by British author J.K. Rowling, is among the most popular and critically acclaimed books of the modern era.",
    "'The Great Gatsby', a novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald, was published in 1925. The story is set in the Jazz Age and follows the life of millionaire Jay Gatsby and his pursuit of Daisy Buchanan."
]
 
# Index documents
RAG.index(documents, index_name="mockingbird")
 
# Search
query = "Who wrote 'To Kill a Mockingbird'?"
results = RAG.search(query)

The result looks like this:

[
  {
    'content': "'To Kill a Mockingbird' is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature.",
    'score': 28.453125,
    'rank': 1,
    'document_id': '9d564e82-f14f-433a-ab40-b10bda9dc370',
    'passage_id': 0
  },
 {
    'content': "Harper Lee, an American novelist widely known for her novel 'To Kill a Mockingbird', was born in 11926 in Monroeville, Alabama. She received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961.",
'score': 27.03125,
'rank': 2,
'document_id': 'a35a89c3-b610-4e2e-863e-fa1e7e0710a6',
'passage_id': 2
},
...
]

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